What Causes Bad Breath? A Closer Look at an Everyday Issue

1. Poor Oral Hygiene

Failing to brush and floss regularly allows food particles to remain in your mouth, creating a breeding ground for bacteria. These bacteria release foul-smelling compounds that cause bad breath.



2. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)

Saliva helps cleanse the mouth by washing away dead cells and bacteria. A lack of saliva can lead to dryness and odours. Dry mouth can result from certain medications, dehydration, or sleeping with your mouth open.



3. Foods with Strong Odours

Garlic, onions, and spicy foods can contribute to bad breath long after you’ve eaten them. These foods enter your bloodstream and are expelled through your lungs.



4. Smoking and Tobacco Use

Tobacco products not only cause an unpleasant mouth odour, but they also increase the risk of gum disease, which can lead to chronic bad breath.



5. Gum Disease and Infections

Persistent bad breath can be a sign of gum disease (gingivitis or periodontitis), caused by plaque buildup. Oral infections like tooth decay, abscesses, or post-surgery healing can also contribute.



6. Sinus or Respiratory Infections

Conditions like sinusitis, post-nasal drip, and bronchitis can produce mucus contributing to bad breath.



7. Gut Health Imbalances

An imbalanced gut microbiome, slow digestion, or acid reflux (GERD) can lead to bad breath. When digestion is impaired, gases and toxins may be released through the breath. This is sometimes called "gut breath" and is often overlooked as a cause.



How to Address Bad Breath

• Brush and floss twice a day, and clean your tongue
• Stay hydrated to support saliva production
• Chew sugar-free gum or mints to stimulate saliva
• Avoid known trigger foods and tobacco products
• Treat underlying dental issues or infections
• Support your gut with a balanced diet and good digestion

If bad breath persists despite good oral care, speak to your dentist or GP. You may benefit from a broader health assessment, especially if other digestive symptoms are present.

What You Can Do

• Brush and floss daily, including cleaning your tongue
• Drink plenty of water to prevent dry mouth
• Chew sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva flow
• Avoid tobacco and limit strong-smelling foods
• Schedule regular dental check-ups to detect any oral issues early
• Support your gut health with a fibre-rich, balanced diet
• Track symptoms like bloating or reflux if you suspect a digestive link



If your breath issues persist despite good hygiene, it may be time to look beyond the mouth and into your gut, habits, or general health.

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